Air distribution for heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems ranges from directional jets for spot heating, cooling, or air make-up, to totally diffused air streams of uniform velocity and direction for scientific and other specialised uses. Each type of application demands that its own needs be satisfied and there is no single method of distributing supply air which will meet the variety of requirements encountered in practice.

A design engineer must be familiar with the various means available to him and will make design decisions on major plant based upon the ability of the air stream to effectively offset the space load.

The most common requirement is to meet the needs of human comfort, and in this regard, the thermal balance which matches the load to heated or cooled supply air, must be achieved within parameters beyond the simple issue of temperature equilibrium and must include air motion, relative humidity and noise level.

The object of air diffusion in HVAC systems is to ensure an acceptable combination of these factors with the thermodynamic performance of the system. The key to the achievement of this is correct use of the principles of air diffusion.

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